PROTECTION
MARKING
Many products undergo a variety of tests before they reach the
market. These tests include product safety testing, electromagnetic
compatibility, vibration testing and many others.
Products used
indoors or outdoors are often tested against “ingress,” that is, the product’s
resistance to water, dust and foreign objects. There are several reasons for
ingress testing, including safety, functionality and product marketing.
Many products
require insulation from outside elements in order to function properly. Those
outside elements include mist, steam, sprayed water, sand, oil and even
fingers, just to name a few. Ingress protection testing helps determine whether
a particular product is going to function appropriately when placed in the
field.
Different
products require different levels of testing and different types of testing.
Generally, ingress protection is divided into testing for ingress from foreign
objects or liquids. With many products, the point where it would be most likely
to fail comes at a seam between two parts.
The higher the protection degree, the more watertight the casing
will be. However, when installing an enclosure outdoors, exposure to weather
conditions can cause temperature variations.
What is an IP
rating?
IP (or "Ingress Protection") ratings are defined in
international standard EN 60529 (British BS EN 60529:1992, European IEC
60509:1989). They are used to define levels of sealing effectiveness of
electrical enclosures against intrusion from foreign bodies (tools, dirt etc)
and moisture.
What do the numbers in an IP Rating mean?
The numbers that follow IP each have a specific meaning. The
first indicates the degree of protection (of people) from moving parts, as well
as the protection of enclosed equipment from foreign bodies. The second defines
the protection level that the enclosure enjoys from various forms of moisture
(drips, sprays, submersion etc). The tables below should help make sense of it:
IP Ratings -
what they mean.
IP Rated
Enclosures - quick find chart
A number replaced by x indicates that the enclosure is not rated
for that spec.
First Digit (Intrusion Protection)
0. (or X - see
section below): No special protection. Not rated (or no rating supplied) for
protection against ingress of this type.
- Protection from a large part of the body
such as a hand (but no protection from deliberate access); from solid
objects greater than 50mm in diameter.
- Protection against fingers or other object
not greater than 80mm in length and 12mm in diameter (accidental finger
contact).
- Protection from entry by tools, wires etc,
with a diameter of 2.5 mm or more.
- Protection against solid objects larger
than 1mm (wires, nails, screws, larger insects and other potentially
invasive small objects such as tools/small etc).
- Partial protection against dust that may
harm equipment.
- Totally dust tight. Full protection
against dust and other particulates, including a vacuum seal, tested
against continuous airflow.
Second Digit (Moisture Protection)
0. (Or X - see
section below): No protection.
- Protection against vertically falling
droplets, such as condensation. Ensuring that no damage or interrupted
functioning of components will be incurred when an item is upright.
- Protection against water droplets
deflected up to 15° from vertical
- Protected against spray up to 60° from
vertical.
- Protected against water splashes from all
directions. Tested for a minimum of 10 minutes with an oscillating spray
(limited ingress permitted with no harmful effects).
- Protection against low-pressure jets (6.3
mm) of directed water from any angle (limited ingress permitted with no
harmful effects).
- Protection against direct high pressure
jets.
- Protection against full immersion for up
to 30 minutes at depths between 15 cm and 1 metre (limited ingress
permitted with no harmful effects).
- Protection against extended immersion
under higher pressure (i.e. greater depths). Precise parameters of this
test will be set and advertised by the manufacturer and may include
additional factors such as temperature fluctuations and flow rates,
depending on equipment type.
- (K): Protection against high-pressure,
high-temperature jet sprays, wash-downs or steam-cleaning procedures -
this rating is most often seen in specific road vehicle applications
(standard ISO 20653:2013 Road Vehicles - Degrees of protection).
IPX Ratings
Not an entirely valid IP rating, but still occasionally seen on
websites offering enclosures (but more commonly lighting). The "x"
simply denotes that the value for that number is missing. You can replace it with
a zero, assuming that it has not ingress protection rating. This may not
be the case, but better safe than sorry. The first number denotes foreign body
ingress protection, the second moisture. So "x"5 for example, means
that there is no defined protection from solid objects, but protection against
low pressure water jets, while 5"x" would denote partial protection
from dust, but no particular protection from moisture.
Our range
While we cover a huge range of electrical
enclosures, our most common IP ratings are probably 65, 66, 67 and 68. So for
quick reference, these are defined below:
- IP65 Enclosure - IP rated as
"dust tight" and protected against water projected from a
nozzle.
- IP66 Enclosure - IP rated as
"dust tight" and protected against heavy seas or powerful jets
of water.
- IP 67 Enclosures - IP rated as
"dust tight" and protected against immersion. for 30
minutes at depths 150mm - 1000mm
- IP 68 Enclosures - IP rated as
"dust tight" and protected against complete, continuous submersion in water.
Collected by
Doshti
Indian Safety Association
Source: National Technical Systems, DSM&T
Company & Enclosure Company
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